ʻO ke kūlana maʻi ahulau, ke koho ʻana i ke kano a me ke kaʻina hana kaʻi ʻana o ka maʻi wāwae-a-waha

ʻO ka maʻi wāwae a me ka waha

（1） Ke kūlana maʻi ahulau

ʻO ka maʻi wāwae-a-waha honua ka mea nui ma ʻApelika, ka Middle East, Asia a me nā ʻāpana o ʻAmelika Hema. Ma waena o nā serotypes 7 o FMDV, ʻo ke ʻano O a me ke ʻano A ka mea nui loa; ʻO ke ʻano I, II a me III o ʻApelika Hema ka mea nui ma ka ʻāina ʻApelika; ʻO ka ʻano ʻĀsia I ka mea nui ma ka Hikina Waena a me ʻAsia Hema; ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano C mai kona puka ʻana ma Brazil a me Kenya i ka makahiki 2004. I ka makahiki 2021, paʻakikī mau ke kūlana maʻi o ka wāwae a me ka waha ma Asia Hikina Hema. ʻO Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā maʻi ʻino, a paʻakikī nā maʻi e hoʻomaka ai ka maʻi maʻi. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻoweliweli i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi wāwae a me ka waha ma Kina.

I kēia manawa, paʻa ka maʻi ahulau o ka maʻi wāwae a me ka waha ma Kina, a ʻo ka maʻi wāwae a me ka waha ʻo ke ʻano I ma Asia e noho manuahi ʻole. ʻAʻohe maʻi maʻi wāwae-a-waha ʻano A i nā makahiki ʻekolu i hala iho nei, a he ʻekolu mau maʻi maʻi wāwae-a-waha ʻano ʻano O i ka makahiki 2021. Wahi a ke kūlana kiaʻi, ʻo nā maʻi ahulau FMD i kēia manawa ma Kina mau nō. paʻakikī. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano FMD ʻano ʻo Ind-2001e, Mya-98 a me CATHAY, ʻoiai ʻo Type A ʻo Sea-97. E ʻike ʻia ka maʻi virus lālā AA/Sea-97 ma waho ma nā wahi palena i 2021.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi wāwae-a-waha ma Kina he mea maikaʻi loa ia e kūʻē i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, a ʻo nā wahi pilikia o ka maʻi maʻi i loaʻa ma nā loulou a me nā pūnaewele me ka nāwaliwali nāwaliwali. Ma muli o ka ʻikepili ka nānā ʻana, ua wānana ʻia e hoʻomau ʻia ka maʻi maʻi FMD ma Kina e ka FMD type O i 2022, a e hoʻomau ka maʻi maʻi like ʻole o nā maʻi he nui o ka FMD type O, ʻaʻole ia e kāpae i ka hiki ke loaʻa kahi hanana. o FMD ʻano A; Aia nō ka pilikia o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano haole i Kina.

（2） Koho kano

E koho i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka antigenicity o nā maʻi ahulau kūloko, a hiki ke nīnau ʻia ka ʻike huahana lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka "National Veterinary Drug Basic Information Query" platform "Vterinary Drug Product Approval Number Data" o China Veterinary Drug Information Network.

（3） Manaʻo ʻia i nā kaʻina hana lāʻau lapaʻau

1. Kahua unahi

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka makahiki o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā mea e like me ka pale ʻana o ka makuahine a me ka pae antibody makuahine o nā holoholona ʻōpio. No ka laʻana, e like me nā ʻokoʻa o nā manawa hoʻomaʻamaʻa o nā holoholona wahine a me nā antibodies makuahine, hiki i nā puaʻa ke koho e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 28 ~ 60 mau lā, hiki ke pale ʻia nā keiki hipa i ka makahiki o 28 ~ 35 mau lā, a hiki ke pale ʻia nā keiki bipi. i ka makahiki 90. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana o nā holoholona hānau hou a pau, e hoʻokō ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau booster i hoʻokahi mahina i kēlā me kēia mahina, a laila i kēlā me kēia 4 a 6 mahina.

2. Nā hale mālama maʻamau

I ka pūnāwai a me ka hāʻule, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā holoholona āpau āpau i hoʻokahi manawa, a e uku ʻia lākou i kēlā me kēia mahina. Ma kahi e ʻae ai nā kūlana, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kaʻina hana lāʻau lapaʻau o ke kula nui.

3. Ka La'i Ka'i 'Ai Pilikia

Ke hiki mai ka maʻi ahulau, e hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia i nā holoholona maʻi ma kahi o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka wahi i hoʻoweliweli ʻia. Ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka palena ʻāina e ke kūlana maʻi maʻi ma waho, i hui pū ʻia me nā hopena loiloi pilikia, e hāʻawi ʻia nā holoholona maʻalahi i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi wāwae a me ka waha i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā holoholona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka mahina i hala.

（4） Ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena

1. Ke ano hoao

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hana i hōʻike ʻia ma GB/T 18935-2018 Diagnostic Techniques for Foot and Mouth Disease no ka ʻike antibody. No ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāpana wai e hoʻopaʻa i ka ELISA a me ka ELISA hoʻokūkū paʻa no ka ʻike ʻana i ka antibody immune; No ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka synthetic peptide vaccine, VP1 structural protein ELISA i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka antibody immune.

2. Ka loiloi i ka hopena o ke kino

Ma hope o 28 mau lā o ka pale ʻana i nā puaʻa a me 21 mau lā o ka pale ʻana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokō ka titer antibody i kēia mau pae hoʻoholo e hoʻoholo ai ua kūpono ka pale ʻana o kēlā me kēia:

ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pae wai ELISA: titer antibody o nā holoholona ruminant e like me nā pipi a me nā hipa ≥ 2 ^ 7, a me ka titer antibody puaʻa ≥ 2 ^ 6.

ELISA hoʻokūkū paʻa paʻa: titer antibody ≥ 2 ^ 6.

vP1 structural protein antibody ELISA: maikaʻi e like me ke ʻano a i ʻole nā ​​kuhikuhi reagent.

Inā ʻaʻole i emi iho ka helu o nā kānaka kūpono ma lalo o 70% o ka nui o nā pūʻulu immune, e hoʻoholo ʻia ka palekana o ka hui e like me ke kūpono.